Rooftop Solar PV: Rooftop solar panels offer several advantages to both homes and businesses, such as lower electricity bills, reduced dependence on the grid, and backup power through energy storage. For those with net metering, excess electricity can generate additional revenue. However, the upfront investment for rooftop solar PV can be quite high, particularly for residential users who opt to include battery storage. 

Ground-mounted Solar PV: This type of installation allows for large-scale electricity generation but requires substantial land, which can lead to deforestation and soil erosion. Costs associated with land acquisition and grid connection are typically high, especially when the generation site is in suburban or remote areas. Due to long-distance transmission inefficiencies, ground-mounted systems are better suited for commercial projects with capacities exceeding 1 MW. 

Agrivoltaics: Agrivoltaics integrates solar power generation with agricultural activities. By installing solar panels over or between crops or on greenhouse roofs, land use is optimized, increasing both solar output and agricultural productivity. In the case of solar grazing, solar PV is combined with livestock and pastures, enhancing farm productivity while generating electricity. Solar panels can provide shade, reducing water loss and enhancing plant growth, while plants contribute water vapor back to the panels. However, issues such as rainwater runoff and increased humidity under the panels must be addressed. 

Floating Solar PV (Floatovoltaics): Floating solar PV is installed on bodies of water and has several advantages over land-based systems. It can be co-located with existing hydropower plants, enhancing their flexibility during both base and peak periods. The cooling effect of water improves solar yields while reducing soiling and shading. Despite these benefits, installation costs can be higher due to the need for mooring and anchoring systems. Floating solar is particularly appealing for coastal cities and small islands, though offshore installations face challenges like rough water conditions, mooring stability, and platform durability. Proper cleaning and maintenance schedules are also crucial for cost management and operational efficiency.

Submerged Solar PV: Still in its early stages, submerged solar PV reduces the need for cleaning and increases cell efficiency due to the water's cooling effect. Water depth plays a critical role in determining the transmitted radiation and thermal performance of the panels. However, submerged systems face challenges, such as wave and wind forces, which can place significant strain on the frame structure. These systems are more suitable for shallow, confined water areas like basins or lagoons to minimize wave impact.